ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole:

ʻO ka pā kila kila he ʻili maʻemaʻe, ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika mechanical, a kū i ka corrosion e nā waikawa, nā kinoea alkaline, nā hopena a me nā media ʻē aʻe. He kila kila ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka ʻōpala, akā ʻaʻole ia he ʻeleʻele loa. ʻO ka pā kila kila e pili ana i ka pā kila kūʻē i ka corrosion e nā media palupalu e like me ka lewa, ka mahu a me ka wai, ʻoiai ʻo ka pā hao-kūpono i ka pā kila e pili ana i ka pā kila i kū i ka corrosion e nā media corrosive kemika e like me ka waikawa, ka alkali a me ka paʻakai. Wahi a ke kaʻina hana, ʻelua ʻano o ka ʻōwili wela a me ka ʻōwili anuanu, me nā papa i ʻōwili ʻia me ka mānoanoa o 0.5-3mm a me nā papa wela me ka mānoanoa o 3-30 mm, ʻoi aku ma mua o 30mm hiki ke ʻae i ka hana.